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What are engineering services?

 

Engineering services are those service functions that deal with or related to core engineering processes.

 

Examples are:

 

  • CAD / CAM (computer aided manufacturing / design)
  • Auto design
  • Failure analysis of structural steel

 

The distinction that needs to be drawn here is between engineering functions and engineering service functions. An engineering function could be auto engine manufacturing. A related engineering service function would be designing the engine. It is similar to the distinction between manufacturing and manufacturing support services.

 

 

What is engineering work?

 

Engineering work is unique in the sense that it is generally not considered a commodity; rather it is considered a value-added service. It is not something that can be automated as there are always different factors and emerging technologies. The engineer is in contact with the client at all steps. The user may also be brought in the process. This is an iterative process. Constant reevaluation of the process and the progress is required. This leads to modifications. Upon completion, the engineer may be involved in the operation, the sales, or may teach the use of the product.

 

  • I. Idea Phase - Identification of a problem or an idea (new building, product…)
  • II. Design Phase - The engineer analyzes the idea or problem. Designs solution under guiding factors listed below.
  • III. Test Phase - The engineer applies the design to a model to test. This would occur more frequently with products as opposed to construction.
  • IV. Manufacturing or Construction Phase - The engineer supervises the manufacturing processes (for electrical and mechanical engineers), construction (mainly for civil engineers), or improvements made to a plant, operating system. Modifications made during this process.
  • V. Product Completion or Production—Engineer or manufacturer may simply hand product over to the client (i.e. electrical device), may sell the product (i.e. scientific instrument), may actually operate the product (power plant), or may teach the operation to the user (i.e. office building).

 

Standards play a large role in engineering work as much of engineering results in the design of products. Standards serve to facilitate the reproduction and ensure compatibility between products. This could be in the form of standard software formats to guidelines for fitting screws or pipes.

 

IT is linked to the entire value chain but engineering sits at the heart of it

Some companies such as Toyota are built around engineering

% of respondents considering their function as core / strategic (BAH survey):
Engg - 95%
Finance - 80%
S&M 70%
Mfg - 60%
IT - 30%


How large is the engineering services domain?

 

Well, very large, because practically all core engineering functions will have an accompanying service / support aspect. In some industries, the support activity might be much less in scope than in some others, but in practically all engineering domains, the support element exists.

 

Some estimates put the engineering services industry to be close to a trillion $ in size. That is over 2% of the total world economy. Imagine!

 

 

Are engineering services prevalent equally all over the world?

 

Not really.

 

In the 1900s, engineering and engineering services were primarily in some parts of western europe and north america. Currently, engg extends to more parts of Europe, Russia, and Australia. In the near future (2015), it will be in India and China as well.

Share of foreign R&D: 45% in 1975, 70% in 2006 (for all cos) – Source: Booz Allan Hamilton/NASSCOM

Top reasons for foreign R&D sites

 

Business Environment (9%)
Technology Clusters or Academic Institutes - 20%
Markets or Customers - 24%
Proximity to production facilities - 12%
Qualified workers - 18%
Low cost exit base - 10%


Can you name some top industries that involve significant amounts of engineering services?

 

Automotive, Aerospace, Telecom, Semiconductor, Consumer electronics and Pharmaceuticals verticals

 

Why should engineering services be outsourced?

 

For pretty much the same reasons why many other services - such as traditional business processes such as accounting and software development - are outsourced. (1) Cost, and (2) Ability to get better quality, through a vendor qualified in and focused on a specific engineering service domain.

 

While cost was perhaps the most important aspect in business process outsourcing, in the case of engineering services outsourcing, the ability to get better quality from a domain focussed vendor is an equally important driving factor.

 

But ESO is much more complex than BPO because of the complex nature of engineering design. Engineering services delivery revolves around technical skills, domain expertise and good engineering judgment. Engineering design work centres on product IPs of manufacturing companies. Most of the services outsourced are related to design services around patented products, design specifications or customised interiors of a total engineering solution.

 

 

Can all engineering services be outsourced?

 

In theory, yes. In practice, no.

 

 

What types of engineering services are being outsourced?

 

Well, a rather wide range of engineering support services have been outsourced for many years, but most of these outsourcing assignments have been with onshore or nearshore partners/vendors. Offshore outsourcing of engineering services is a relatively recent phenomenon and only a small subset of services are currently being offshored - examples are CAD outsourcing for a variety of design intensive industries, automobile & other product designing, testing & analysis of products for various parameters and characteristics.

 

Many companies have begun to make a mark, successfully using the skill-sets, tools and experience from IT software and services, to evolve from providing basic data conversion, through 2D and 3D CAD/CAM/CAE, advanced simulation, prototyping, testing, PLM, product design (engineering), process engineering, plant automation and asset management services. Though most of the initial players in the segment have emerged from legacy IT services businesses, today the segment has matured with several of these firms having established an independent engineering services practice:

 

  • Engineering Services Outsourcing
  • Design, Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering
  • Plant Automation & Enterprise Asset Management
  • Electrical & Electronics Engineering
  • Advanced Simulations, Prototyping, Styling & Testing
  • Embedded Design & Development Engineering
  • Product Lifecycle & Data Management

 

Offerings to US clients include concept modeling of products based on customer requirements, as well as the design and manufacture of:

 

  • Jigs and fixtures
  • Hydraulic systems
  • Material handling equipment
  • Assembly systems

 

CAD and design services in AutoCAD

 

  • SolidWorks, SolidEdge, and Pro/E
  • Architectural drawings
  • Building and Systems layout (HVAC, piping, systems, etc.)
  • Legacy data conversion
  • Drafting and detailing
  • 3D modeling and assembly
  • Preparation of production drawings
  • Parts lists and bill of materials
  • Handling ECNs (Engineering Change Notices)
  • Higher-level CAD tasks
  • AutoCAD, SolidWorks, SolidEdge, Pro/E

 

 

Why can't some engineering services be outsourced in practice?

 

For strategic reasons and integration with other processes.

 

  • Strategic - for many companies that consider their engineering expertise to be their core strength, outsourcing their engineering services might be akin to giving away their crown jewels. They might wish to keep a select list of engineering services to be done within their company, at any cost.

 

  • Integration with other processes - Even in cases where a company might not consider a particular engineering process as its core strength, it might not be able to outsource it because of the close integration this process has with some other core engineering processes / services. For instance, an auto company might not be willing to outsource its mock-up modelling processes to other companies because its main car design architectural team (which the company might consider its core strength) might be working far too closely with the mock-up modeling team and any disruption in this seamless process could be very costly to the company in the long term.

 

  • Legal & Policy / Governmental, Trade Restrictions

 

 

What are the engineering services that cannot be outsourced in practice?

 

There are many processes that limit the amount and type of work that can be offshore outsourced: proximity needs, expertise, licensure, and quality of work. Construction or manufacturing engineering requires proximity to where the project is being undertaken. U.S. engineers possess expertise in specific areas, making it undesirable to use foreign engineers. Certain types of engineering work require the signature of a licensed engineer. Thus far, it is difficult for a foreigner to become licensed or for licensed engineers to sign off on work that is not done under their direct supervision. Finally, if offshore outsourcing results in diminished quality, insurance companies may take notice and charge higher premiums. This added expense would make offshore outsourcing less appealing. (Source: http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2004/WISE2004-LoriSimpsonFinalPaper.pdf Page 3)

 

 

How is it possible to offshore engineering services? Aren't there physical constraints to outsourcing engineering services, as against outsourcing IT or business processes?

 

Engineering services, especially in design, can easily be exchanged offshore

 

Engineering work is generally not seen as a commodity. It is seen as an iterative process of design and reevaluation. There are many stages—planning, design, manufacturing or construction, and then finalization. Each step requires the skills and expertise of an engineer in different ways. The final step may require an engineer to actually operate, teach the operation, or sell the product. While the entire engineering process does not seem conducive to offshore outsourcing, there are pieces that can be outsourced. Typically, a company outsources projects or engineering tasks to another company within the United States. However, some of this work is starting to go offshore. Larger engineering companies would actually set up divisions abroad where they would hire foreign engineers to work for their company. For example, Boeing has a Russian division designing airplane components. General Electric employs over 6000 engineers and scientists in Israel, Hungary, India and China to research and develop (source - http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2004/WISE2004-LoriSimpsonFinalPaper.pdf )

 

 

Which are the major offshore sites being considered for ESO? 

 

Sites Under Active Consideration for Engineering Services
St. Petersburg
Moscow
Changchun
Beijing *
Budapest *
Shanghai
Gurgaon
Bangkok
Guangzhou
Pune
Manila
Hyderabad
Mexico City *
Bangalore
Mysore
Chennai *
Sao Paulo
Johannesburg
* - Global service sites

India leads the pack for engineering services, CURRENT
(by order of importance)
India
China
Mexico
Russia
Czech
Poland
Hungary
Thailand
Philippines
Egypt
Ukraine
Bulgaria
Brazil
Vietnam
Romania
Turkey
South Republic Africa


Competitive Index of Countries for Engineering Services ( by order of importance)
China
India
Russia
Mexico
Thailand
Czech
Poland
Philipp.
Hungary
Egypt
Ukraine
Bulgaria
Brazil
Romania
Vietnam Turkey
South Africa

Countries like China are formulating policies that are aggressively geared towards attracting high value add services Comparison of Incentives Offered by Countries for R&D/Engineering Services (Relative Scale) Czech India China Mexico Russia Republic Poland Hungary Thailand Philippines Tax Reduction (e.g. tax abatement in SEZs) Subsidies & Grants (e.g. Subsidy on percentage of total cost) Infrastructure Improvements (e.g. access to communication, power, water supply, roads, etc.) Training & Education (e.g. grants to train employees for new roles, grants to R&D institutes) Policy Support for Engineering Offshoring Strong Support Moderate Support Passive Support 12

 

Are engineering services being outsourced to offshore centers such as India?

 

Yes, countries like India have just about begun to assist in providing outsourced engineering services, but this trend is expected to grow much faster in future.

 

Mkt potential for India - About 30 billion $ by 2020

 

 

What is the exact process of an engineering services offshore outsourcing assignment?

 

Some engineering fields are more technologically advanced and are utilizing current computer and technological capabilities. These firms are most prone to outsourcing as items can easily be sent electronically. This strongly affects the computer and electrical engineers first, and then the mechanical and chemical engineers. Civil engineers are the least prone to be affected due to the type of work and how the work is performed.

 

It is currently easier for large engineering firms to offshore outsource (examples of which were given previously in the section titled ‘Current situation’). Very large firms already have engineering and manufacturing sites offshore. So they outsource engineering work to their own engineers in another country. (Boeing currently has an engineering team in Russia.) Small firms are less likely to use outsourcing as it is costly to setup a counterpart in a foreign country at a small scale. After outsourcing consulting companies are setup, it will be easier for smaller companies to outsource the smaller quantities of work. Examples of such companies that offer globalization services (facilitates offshore outsourcing) is Genesys International and Continental Design & Engineering. Genesys International is an engineering consulting firm that offshore outsources. It sends abroad such services as “Detailed engineering for distributed generation, co-generation and tri-generation …Realtime Performance monitoring and Verification…Preventive Monitoring and Diagnostic Maintenance

Training”. Its website outlines the following process for offshore outsourcing:

 

  • First, a US-based Customer Process Manager (CPM) will work with you to assess the specific talent, training and number of hours your project/process requires. The CPM is your prime contact.
  • Next, an India-based Project Leader/Outsourced Process Manager (OPM) is selected and brought to your site by the CPM for the project's first few days. This Project Leader/OPM will manage all activities of the team offshore.
  • After gaining an in-depth knowledge of your needs and requirements, the Project Leader/OPM will select the remote team members, chart out roles and responsibilities, and develop the specifications for the milestones and deliverables involved. A communication protocol will be established and reporting mechanism deployed so that you know exactly what has been accomplished and what needs to be accomplished at any point in time
  • Finally, your project leader will return to India to direct all activities of the team.

 

Source: http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2004/WISE2004-LoriSimpsonFinalPaper.pdf , page 34

 

Process of Engineering Work Including Offshore Outsourcing

 

  • I. Idea Phase - Identification of a problem or an idea (new building, product, improvement)
  • II. Design Phase - The engineer analyzes the idea or problem. Designs solution under guiding factors listed below.
  • IIa. Design Phase - The engineer conveys the scope of the work to be done to the foreign engineer. The foreign engineer either does design work or manufacturing work.
  • III. Test Phase - The engineer applies the design to a model to test - can be done domestically or abroad at the offshore site. This applies to manufactured products.
  • IV. Manufacturing or Construction Phase— The engineer supervises the manufacturing processes domestically or abroad (for elec. and mech. engineers). Construction (mainly for civil engrs.), or improvements made to a plant or operating system, all done domestically.
  • IV. Product Completion - Engineer or manufacturer may simply hand product over to the client (i.e. electrical device), may sell the product (i.e. scientific instrument), may actually operate the product (power plant), or may teach the operation to the user (i.e. office building).

 

Source: http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2004/WISE2004-LoriSimpsonFinalPaper.pdf, pg 35

 

An excellent offshore outsourcing case study - http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2004/WISE2004-LoriSimpsonFinalPaper.pdf , page 36

 

 

What are the aspects that affect offshore outsourcing of engineering services?

 

The Progressive Policy Institute found that there are two factors that limit the offshore outsourcing of general

service jobs: “1) the degree to which functions can be cost effectively transformed into electronic flows

facilitated by telecommunications; and 2) the degree to which these new activities still require spatial proximity

to suppliers, customers, competitors, or other unites in the firm

 

Other aspects

 

  • Trade limitations
  • Quality issues - Foreign engineers’ training and Stability in country, Security & safety
  • Insurance
  • Legislation
  • Administration (govt in control at that time)

 

 

 

Who are the top ESO vendors?

 

Some of the top vendors include:

 

  • EASi
  • Eicher
  • Entegee
  • eServ Perot
  • Geometric
  • HCL Technologies
  • Hero Global Design
  • Hoyt Engineeing
  • Infosys
  • Mahindra Engineering
  • NeilSoft
  • Onward Tech
  • Patni
  • Plexion
  • QuEST
  • Ranal
  • Rolta
  • Satyam
  • Tata Group
  • Wipro

 

 

Other Questions, Issues & Challenges Confronting Engineering Services Outsourcing


Challenges experienced while offshoring
Are there differences in challenges while dealing with vendors vs captives?
What are the most attractive attributes of vendor and captives?

 

Engineering Services Outsourcing News, Updates & Web Resources

 

 

 

 

 

  • Opportunities in engineering services outsourcing - India now has access to opportunities it has never had before. This article seeks to give a picture of the evolution of the Indian engineering and the engineering services outsourcing (ESO) industry in India - Deccan Herald, Oct 2007

 

 

  • Symphony to focus on embedded software biz - Pune, Dec. 3 Product engineering outsourcing services provider Symphony Services is focusing on the embedded systems and software business, and expects this to contribute around 40 per cent of its revenue in a few years.

 

 

 

  • China Rising - Forbes, NY - Nov, 2007 - As its economy has matured, China is now taking that success into high-end engineering services

 

 

 

 

  • Of The $750 Billion Global Engineering-Services Market Today, Only About $10-$15 Billion Is Offshored according to a New Survey

 

  • The eye of opportunity - You have heard this a dozen times: The engineering services market is a huge, untapped opportunity. But, more questions beg our attention: What kind of work gets done here under this umbrella? Who is making the best of the opportunity now? And, why India? Business Line, Jul 2005

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  • Examples of Typical Projects & Metallurgical Engineering Services - Examples of Typical Projects & Metallurgical Engineering Services. Failure analysis of cracking problem during stamping of automotive components. Engineering, Design & Manufacture of Jigs, Fixtures and Special. Engineering, Sheet Metal, Jigs, Fixture, Machines, Control Systems – details from AD Engineering Services (Midlands) Ltd

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Engineering Services Outsourcing